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Sains
Malaysiana 52(8)(2023): 2163-2173
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5208-01
Oil Based Inactivated Vaccine
Formulation for Furunculosis (A. salmonicida) and Protective
Immune Response of Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout
(Formulasi Vaksin Tidak
Diaktifkan Berasaskan Minyak untuk Furunkulosis (A. salmonicida) dan
Tindak Balas Imun Pelindung bagi Trout Pelangi dan Trout Perang)
MUHAMMAD AKRAM1, MUHAMMAD HAFEEZ-UR-REHMAN1,*, FARZANA ABBAS1, IMRAN ALTAF2, SIDRA KANWAL3, KASHIF ALI4, NABILA GULZAR5, MUHAMMAD AJMAL5, MUHAMMAD ASAD4 & JAVAID IQBAL6
2University of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Lahore, Punjab,
Pakistan
3Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Pakistan
4Department of
Zoology, Univeristy of Okara
5Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan 6Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
Received:
31 January 2023/Accepted: 26 July 2023
Abstract
The development and growth of the fisheries and
aquaculture industries are significantly hampered by illnesses. It is critical
to combat pathogenic illnesses, especially bacterial ones. Furunculosis in
salmon is mostly brought on by Aeromonas
salmonicida in rainbow and brown trout. To control this pathogen, vaccines
have been identified as a significant tool. In the present study, we have
formulated an inactivated vaccine with oil as an adjuvant and estimated its
efficacy. The lethal dose of ArS-Pak-19, was calculated and injected
intraperitoneally to the fishes. To analyze the infection, samples of kidney,
liver, spleen, and blood were collected at specific times. To estimate the
immunogenicity of the vaccine, an experiment was designed. One hundred sixty
fishes were distributed into 8 tanks including, six experimental groups and two
control groups with its replicates, vaccines injected intraperitoneally 1.6 ×
107, 1.6 × 108, and 1.6 × 109 and blood
samples were taken fortnightly for 56 days to calculate the antibodies titers.
After immunization these groups were challenged with Aeromonas
salmonicida (ArS-Pak-19) intraperitoneally. At 7th day
of post infection, it appeared in the liver, spleen, and kidney. The relative
percentage of survival was estimated with control groups at 30 days after
challenge. The relative percentage of survival was 80%. The IgM titers were
higher at 24 days of post immunization. We also analyzed that antibodies
non-specifically bound with the A-layer of Aeromonas salmonicida. The
findings of this study offer evidence that vaccinations boost fishes immunity
and serve as a roadmap to further vaccination initiatives.
Keywords: Antibodies; IgM titres;
immunization; pathogen; pathogenicity
Abstrak
Pembangunan dan pertumbuhan industri perikanan dan akuakultur terjejas
dengan ketara oleh penyakit. Ia adalah penting untuk memerangi penyakit
patogen, terutamanya bakteria. Furunkulosis pada salmon kebanyakannya
disebabkan oleh Aeromonas salmonicida pada trout pelangi dan coklat perang.
Untuk mengawal patogen ini, vaksin telah dikenal pasti sebagai alat penting.
Dalam kajian ini, kami telah merumuskan vaksin yang tidak aktif dengan minyak
sebagai pembantu dan menganggarkan keberkesanannya. Dos maut ArS-Pak-19 telah
dihitung dan disuntik secara intraperitoneum kepada ikan. Untuk menganalisis
jangkitan, sampel buah pinggang, hati, limpa dan darah dikumpulkan pada masa
tertentu. Untuk menganggarkan keimunogenan vaksin, satu uji kaji telah direka.
Satu ratus enam puluh ikan telah diagihkan ke dalam 8 tangki termasuk, enam
kumpulan uji kaji dan dua kumpulan kawalan dengan replikasinya, vaksin yang
disuntik secara intraperitoneum 1.6 × 107, 1.6 × 108 dan
1.6 × 109 dan sampel darah diambil dua minggu sekali selama 56 hari
untuk menghitung titer antibodi. Selepas imunisasi kumpulan ini dicabar dengan Aeromonas
salmonicida (ArS-Pak-19) secara intraperitoneum. Pada hari ke-7 selepas
jangkitan, ia muncul di hati, limpa dan buah pinggang. Peratusan relatif
kemandirian dianggarkan dengan kumpulan kawalan pada 30 hari selepas cabaran.
Peratusan relatif kemandirian ialah 80%. Titer IgM lebih tinggi pada 24 hari
selepas imunisasi. Kami juga menganalisis bahawa antibodi tidak terikat secara
khusus dengan lapisan-A Aeromonas salmonicida. Penemuan kajian ini
menawarkan bukti bahawa vaksinasi meningkatkan imuniti ikan dan berfungsi
sebagai peta jalan kepada inisiatif vaksinasi selanjutnya.
Kata kunci: Antibodi; titer IgM; imunisasi; patogen; sifat patogen
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